The National Peanut Board is a research and promotion board that works on behalf of all USA peanut farmers. The Board's goal is to support and expand existing markets, develop new markets, and facilitate the economical production of high-quality, USA peanuts for consumers worldwide.

The National Peanut Board is funded by a mandatory one percent assessment levied on all USA peanut farmers' crop values. The Board's annual funding supports development and implementation of domestic and export advertising and promotion programs. It also funds research to reduce production costs, explore nutrition research and investigate potential ways to lessen peanut allergy. The Board can also enter into cooperative agreements with peanut product manufacturers to promote USA peanut products.